Mode of action of probiotics:

The health and improvement of bee production is dependent on three major factors of genetics, microbiota and stress. The amount of microbiota diversity in the honeybee system includes proteobacteria, alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria, and gamma-proteobacteria. Lactobacillus species are less common in the gastrointestinal tract, given that these bacteria are more alien than the aforementioned groups for the bee colony, they can produce a relatively strong reaction in the honeybee. The immune system of the bee is dependent on the antimicrobial peptides, such as Defensins and Abaecin, and the use of probiotics increases the gene expression of the antimicrobial peptides and thus increases the immune response in the honeybee. Bacillus subtilis in this product with the ability to produce antimicrobial and bio surfactant compounds inhibits pathogens and strengthens the antiviral effects. Considering that, the amount and number of carbohydrate and protein digestive enzymes in the honeybee are limited. Bacillus subtilis increases the expression of the gene encoding the peptidase and glycoside hydrolase, as well as other probiotic microorganisms play an important role in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and proteins.

Mode of action of prebiotic:

Prebiotics in the BEE-HYPRO D+ is dextran oligosaccharide. The prebiotic is a bacterial exopolysaccharide produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides in sucrose-based medium. Dextran is resistant to gastric enzymes and in the digestive system, only bacteria that have a dextranase enzyme, such as bacteria that produce lactic acid (As the bacteria present in this product) are able to use it. In this way, the prebiotic in this compound helps to grow and colonize probiotic microorganisms and prevent the growth of pathogen microorganisms. Dextran in the formulation and short chain fatty acids produced by bacteria stimulate the immune system.